Is There A Kernel Of Truth In Judgements Of Deceptiveness?

نویسندگان

  • Jaume Masip
  • Eugenio Garrido
چکیده

Título: ¿Existe un granito de verdad en juicios sobre el engaño? Resumen: Este estudio consiste en una réplica ampliada del trabajo de Bond, Berry y Omar (1994). Ochenta y cinco estudiantes universitarios cumplimentaron un formulario para indicar en qué experimentos, de una lista de siete estudios en que tendrían que mentir y dos en que tendrían que decir la verdad, estarían dispuestos a participar, así como en qué medida lo estarían. Asimismo, indicaron en escalas de siete puntos el grado en que personas que los conocían bien los consideraban veraces o mentirosos, y cuanto lo eran en realidad. Además, proporcionaron una fotografía tipo carnet de sus rostros. Estas fotografías se mostraron a dos muestras de observadores. La primera juzgó su honestidad y veracidad. La segunda evaluó su atractivo y aniñamiento facial. Los resultados muestran que no hubo relación entre las valoraciones de la honestidad o veracidad efectuadas por los observadores y la disposición de los participantes para colaborar en experimentos que implicaran engaño. Aunque las autoevaluaciones de sinceridad de los participantes no correlacionaron con su sinceridad real, sí lo hicieron las de quienes los conocían bien −proporcionadas por los propios participantes−. Ni las autoevaluaciones de los participantes sobre su sinceridad ni las de personas próximas a ellos se basaron en la apariencia facial. El atractivo físico y el aniñamiento facial estaban relacionados marginalmente entre sí, y no guardaban ninguna relación con la veracidad real ni percibida. La mayoría de los estudiantes estuvieron de acuerdo en participar en la mayor parte de los experimentos que implicaban engaño, y no expresaron fuertes cuestionamientos éticos contra el acto de mentir. Palabras clave: Sinceridad, veracidad, engaño, mentira, rostro, cara, atractivo, aniñamiento facial. Abstract: This study is an extended replication of Bond, Berry and Omar ́s (1994) work. Eighty-five undergraduate students completed a form to indicate in which experiments, from a list of seven deceptive and two truthful studies, they would be willing to participate, as well as the strength of their willingness to participate in a 10-point scale. Also, they reported in 7-point scales to what extent people who knew them well thought they were truthful or deceptive, and how truthful or deceptive they were in reality. In addition, participants provided us with a passporttype photograph of their faces. These photographs were shown to two samples of observers. The first judged their honesty and truthfulness. The second assessed their attractiveness and babyishness. Results show there was no relation between observers ́ honesty or truthfulness ratings and participants ́ willingness to collaborate in deceptive experimental procedures. Although participants ́ selfreported honesty did not correlate with their actual honesty, close acquaintances ́ impressions, as reported by the participants, did. Neither participants ́ self-reported honesty nor close acquaintances ́ views were based on targets ́ facial appearance. Attractiveness and babyfacedness were unrelated to real and perceived honesty, and were marginally related to each other. Most of the students agreed to participate in most of the deceptive experiments, and they expressed no strong ethical concerns against lying.

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تاریخ انتشار 2001